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Introduction to Marine Engineering
Massachusetts Maritime Academy
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Front Matter
1
Safety
1.1
Hazards in the workplace
1.1.1
Slips, Trips and Falls
1.1.2
Mechanical Hazards
1.1.3
Electrical Hazards
1.1.4
Chemical Hazards
1.1.5
Fire
1.1.6
Fatigue
1.1.7
Confined Spaces
1.2
Hazard Mitigation
1.2.1
Safety Management
ISM Code
SOLAS
OSHA & 29CFR
1.2.2
Job Hazard Analysis
1.2.3
Permit to work
1.2.4
Lockout-Tagout
1.3
Personal Protective Equipment
1.3.1
Head Protection
1.3.2
Eye Protection
1.3.3
Hearing Protection
1.3.4
Respiratory Protection
Air-purifying Respirators
Atmosphere-supplying Respirators
1.3.5
Arm and Hand Protection
1.3.6
Foot Protection
1.4
Personal Safety
2
Engineering Measurement
2.1
Unit Conversions
2.1.1
Unit-factor Method
2.1.2
Conversion Factors
2.2
Length, Area, and Volume
2.2.1
Length
Length Units
Length Measuring Instruments
2.2.2
Area
Area Units
Instruments Used to Measure Area
2.2.3
Volume
Volume Units
Volume Measurement
Soundings
2.3
Time
2.3.1
Time Units
2.3.2
AM an PM
2.3.3
Military Time
2.3.4
Decimal Time
2.3.5
Ship’s Bells
2.4
Mass and Force
2.4.1
Mass Units
2.4.2
Properties of Mass
2.4.3
Unit Conversions
2.4.4
Force
2.4.5
Mass vs. Weight
2.5
Torque
2.5.1
Magnitude and Direction
2.5.2
Types of Torque
2.5.3
Torque Units
2.5.4
Torque Measurement
2.5.5
Torque and Gear Ratios
2.6
Speed and Velodity
2.6.1
Speed
2.6.2
Velocity
2.7
Pressure
2.7.1
Presssure Measurements
Atmospheric Pressure
Gage Pressure
Absolute Pressure
Vacuum
Head
2.7.2
Pressure Measuring Devices
Barometer
Manometers
Bourdon Tube Gauges
Capsule Gauges
2.7.3
Pressure Unit Conversions
2.8
Temperature
2.8.1
Temperature Scales
2.8.2
Temperature Measuring Instruments
2.8.3
Temperature Conversions
3
Thermodynamics
3.1
Energy
3.1.1
Mechanical Energy
Work
3.1.2
Thermal Energy
Temperature
Internal Energy
Heat
Enthalpy
Units of Measurement
Heat Transfer
Sensible Heat and Latent Heat
Specific Heat
3.2
Power
3.3
Energy Transformations
3.3.1
Conservation of Energy
3.3.2
Transforming Heat to Work
3.3.3
Energy Relationships in the Shipboard Propulsion Cycle
4
Electricity
4.1
Fundamental Concepts
4.1.1
Charge
4.1.2
Current
4.1.3
Voltage
4.1.4
Sine Waves
4.1.5
Resistance
4.1.6
Reactance
4.1.7
Power
4.1.8
Ohm’s Law
4.1.9
Faraday’s Law
4.2
Electrical Components
4.2.1
Power Source
4.2.2
Ground
4.2.3
Load
4.2.4
Conductors
4.2.5
Resistors
4.2.6
Insulators
4.2.7
Switches
4.2.8
Capacitors
4.2.9
Inductors
4.2.10
Diodes
4.2.11
Transistors and ICs
4.2.12
Protective Devices
4.3
Electrical Circuits
4.3.1
Series Circuit
4.3.2
Parallel Circuit
4.3.3
Wye Circuit
4.3.4
Delta Circuit
4.3.5
Circuit Faults
4.4
Electrical Equipment
4.4.1
Measuring Instruments
4.4.2
Batteries
4.4.3
AC Generators
4.4.4
Induction Motors
4.4.5
Variable Frequency Drives
4.4.6
Motor Controllers
4.4.7
Transformers
4.4.8
Solenoids
4.4.9
Electrical Distribution System
5
Piping Systems
5.1
Pipe and Tubes
5.1.1
Pipe Materials
5.1.2
Pipe Size
5.1.3
Pipe Connections
Welded Connections
Flanged Connections
Threaded Connections
Soldered and Brazed Connections
Compression Connections
Quick Connect Fittings
Glued Connections
5.1.4
Pipe Fittings
Pipe Nipples
Unions and Couplings
Elbow Fittings
Tee Fittings
Caps and Plugs
Adapters
5.2
Valves
5.2.1
Globe Valves
5.2.2
Gate Valves
5.2.3
Check Valves
5.2.4
Plug-type Valves
5.2.5
Butterfly Valves
5.2.6
Pressure Relief Valves
5.3
Pumps
5.3.1
Head
Suction Head
Discharge Head
Net Static Head
5.3.2
General Pump Classifications
By Displacement Characteristics
By Delivery Characteristics
By Suction Characteristics
5.3.3
Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps
Rotary Pumps
5.4
Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams
6
Diesel Propulsion
6.1
The Diesel Cycle
6.1.1
Four Stroke Cycle
6.1.2
Two Stroke Cycle
6.1.3
Summary
6.2
Diesel Engine Systems
6.2.1
Engine Cooling
6.2.2
Engine Lubrication System
6.2.3
Fuel System
6.2.4
Air Intake System
6.2.5
Exhaust System
6.3
Engine Specifications
6.3.1
Bore and Stroke
6.3.2
Engine Displacement
6.3.3
Degree of Crankshaft Rotation
6.3.4
Firing Order
6.3.5
Compression Ratio and Clearance Volume
6.3.6
Horsepower
6.4
Major Components of a Diesel Engine
6.4.1
The Cylinder Block
6.4.2
Crankcase and Oil Pan
6.4.3
Cylinder Sleeve or Bore
6.4.4
Piston and Piston Rings
6.4.5
Connecting Rod
6.4.6
Crankshaft
6.4.7
Flywheel
6.4.8
Cylinder Heads and Valves
6.4.9
Camshaft, Valve Mechanism, and Timing Gears
6.5
Engine Control
6.5.1
Requirements of Fuel Injection System
6.5.2
Fuel Injection System
6.5.3
Governor
6.5.4
Starting a Diesel Engine
6.5.5
Engine Shutdowns
7
Steam Propulsion
7.1
The Generation of Steam
7.2
Basic Steam Cycle
7.2.1
Generation
7.2.2
Expansion
7.2.3
Condensation
7.2.4
Recovery
7.2.5
Rankine Cycle
7.3
Steam Propulsion System
7.3.1
Boiler
7.3.2
Steam Drum
7.3.3
Dry Pipe
7.3.4
Superheater
7.3.5
Stop Valves
7.3.6
Strainer
7.3.7
Throttles
7.3.8
Turbines
7.3.9
Main Condenser
7.3.10
Condensate pump
7.3.11
Heat Exchangers
7.3.12
DC Heater
7.3.13
Feed Pump
7.3.14
Feed Valves
7.3.15
Economizer
8
Electric Propulsion
8.1
Overview
8.2
Generators
8.2.1
Description
8.2.2
Excitation System
Exciter
Pilot Generator
Voltage Regulator
8.3
Propulsion Converters
8.3.1
Description
8.3.2
Drive Cabinets
Process Control (PRC)
Converter Local Control (CLC)
Converter Cooling (CCU)
Pre-charging (PRE)
DFE–Diode Front End Section (DFE)
DC Capacitor Section (DCC)
Inverter (INV)
Inverter Local Contol (ILC)
AC Output (AC OUT)
8.4
Propulsion Motors
8.4.1
Description
9
Auxiliary Systems
9.1
Lubrication Systems
9.1.1
Requirements of a Lubrication System
9.1.2
Rotating Machinery
9.1.3
Axial and Radial Bearings
9.2
Fuel oil Systems
9.3
Cooling Systems
9.4
Refrigeration
9.5
Fresh Water
9.6
Sewage Treatment
10
TS Patriot State
10.1
Principle Dimensions
10.2
Deck Plans
10.3
Main Engines
10.4
Ship’s History
Subsection
4.2.1
Power Source
The power source is the device that supplies electrical energy to the circuit. Common power sources include batteries, generators, and power supplies. An ordinary wall outlet is a convenient connection to a distance power source.
Figure
4.2.1
.
Diesel generator, power strip, batteries
Symbols.
DC Cell (larger line is +)
Battery
DC Source
AC Generator
AC Source